Case 1: Part 2 Informal Diplomacy - Initiate dialogue - Understand Counter-party needs - MENTION LACK OF AUTHORITY TO MAKE BINDING COMMITMENTS

 The case illustrates Roger's efforts to engage with Iranian officials, particularly Ayatollah Beheshti, in an attempt to find a resolution. Roger, described as a freewheeling professor working through a non-profit organization, sought to generate a proposal that could be recommended to both the United States and Iran.

During the conversation with Beheshti, various issues and interests of Iran are discussed. These include concerns about financial claims in New York courts, the desire for arbitration at the Hague, and the demand for the end of sanctions. Beheshti provides arguments to support lifting sanctions, citing the perceived punishment Iran has already endured and the potential destabilization of the region due to bribery associated with smuggling in violation of sanctions.

It's a glimpse into the diplomatic efforts undertaken by individuals outside official government channels, highlighting the challenges and complexities involved in negotiations during a tense geopolitical situation.

1. Background:

   • In 1979, the U.S. Embassy in Tehran was seized, leading to the Iran hostage crisis.
   • In 1980, President Carter attempted a failed rescue mission.

2. Roger's Role:

   • Roger, described as a freewheeling professor, was asked by White House Counsel Lloyd Cutler to explore options regarding the hostages.
   • Roger had no authority to make binding commitments but could recommend solutions.

3. Contacting Ayatollah Beheshti:

   • Roger contacted Ayatollah Beheshti, head of the Islamic Republican Party, through a student in Iran.

4. Issues Discussed:

   • Financial Claims: Iran didn't want New York courts involved. Proposed arbitration at the Hague.
   • Sanctions: Iran wanted sanctions lifted.
   • Roger sought arguments to convince the U.S. government to end sanctions.

5. Arguments for Ending Sanctions:

   • Beheshti argued that Iran had been punished enough.
   • Sanctions risked destabilizing the region due to bribery associated with smuggling across borders.
   • Ending sanctions after the hostages' release would provide a favorable excuse for the U.S.

6. Conclusion:

   • Roger expressed interest in using the arguments provided by Beheshti to recommend a resolution to the White House.

In summary, Roger, a non-governmental actor, engaged in informal diplomacy to explore potential solutions to the Iran hostage crisis. The conversation focused on addressing Iranian concerns, particularly financial claims and the lifting of sanctions, with Beheshti providing arguments to support the latter. The goal was to generate recommendations for the U.S. government, even though Roger lacked the authority to make binding commitments.